 | | 姓 名： | 梁永超 | | 学 历： | 博士 | | 职 务： | 教育部重点实验室主任 | | 职 称： | 教授 | | 部 门： | 农业化学研究所 | | 导 师： | 博导 | | 联系电话： | | | 电子邮箱： | ycliang@zju.edu.cn 或 ycliang898@163.com | | 招生专业 | | 植物营养 | | 研究方向 | | 植物抗逆营养生理及其分子生物学、植物硅素营养生物学、土壤质量演变的微生物分子生态学、环境污染治理与农 | | 研究成果 | 主要创新点
（1）首次报道黄瓜对硅的吸收与运输是逆浓度递度的主动过程，受低温和代谢抑制剂的显著影响。高等植物对硅的吸收与运输同时存在着两种机制，即主动和被动过程，其相对重要性取决于植物种类和外界供硅浓度。这一假设在水稻、玉米、向日葵和冬瓜上得到证实。相关论文已在“New Phytologist” 上发表。首次证实了68Ge可以作为硅的示踪剂研究植物对硅的吸收与运输机制，番茄对硅的排斥吸收是由转运体（Transporter)调控的主动过程。相关论文已在“Plant Physiology”上发表。
（2）系统研究并首次阐明了硅提高植物对非生物胁迫的抗性机制。硅提高植物体内抗氧化酶系统的活性从而减轻由非生物胁迫如盐害、冻害、重金属（镉、锌、锰等）毒害引起的膜脂质过氧化伤害是硅提高植物对非生物胁迫抗性的共性机制。本领域的研究属于开拓、创新性研究。相关论文以在“Plant and Soil”,“ Journal of Plant Physiology”, “Environmental and Experimental Botany”, Journal of Hazardous Materials”, “中国科学” 等SCI刊物上发表。
（3）硅提高黄瓜、小麦白粉病及水稻稻瘟病、白叶枯病的抗性机制的研究达到了国际先进、国内领先地位。明确了硅本身不是激发子，但在病菌感染情况下施入土壤等基质的硅通过植物根系吸收后显著提高植物体内与诱导抗性密切相关的病程相关蛋白（PRs）如POD、PPO、PAL、几丁质酶、-1，3葡聚糖酶的活性从而增强植物的诱导抗性；而叶面喷施的硅不能提高植物的诱导抗性，只能通过“机械或物理屏障”作用或通过硅酸盐离子的“渗透胁迫”作用提高植物对白粉病菌的抗性。 相关论文已在“Plant Pathology”, “European Journal of Plant Pathology” 上发表。 此项研究已通过部级鉴定，在硅提高植物抗病机制方面的研究达到国际领先水平。
（4）阐明了我国暗棕壤地区长期施用化肥抑制了土壤硝化潜势，但施用有机肥则显著提高土壤硝化潜势。施肥显著降低了铵氧化古菌（AOA）丰度，但显著提高了铵氧化细菌（AOB）丰度。施肥对铵氧化古菌（AOA）群落结构无影响，但显著改变了铵氧化细菌（AOB）的群落结构。土壤硝化潜势与铵氧化古菌（AOA）群落结构无关，但与铵氧化细菌（AOB）群落结构显著相关。长期施用有机肥通过改变铵氧化细菌（AOB）群落结构从而缓解了施用化肥引起的铵氧化抑制效应。
我国东北棕壤地区长期施用化肥不但通过增加有机C的额外投入，而且通过降低土壤呼吸和纤维二糖水解酶（CBH）活性、改变纤维素降解真菌的种群结构与多样性从而增加土壤C的储量。
潮土和水稻土N2O释放速率随添加尿素而增加，但尿素添加硝化抑制剂（Nitrapyrin）后显著降低，Nitrapyrin抑制硝化作用降低N2O的释放与潮土和水稻土AOB的丰度显著正相关，而与AOA丰度无关；而Nitrapyrin对黑土硝化作用较弱的抑制作用也与其对应的AOB丰度相关。
采用13C稳定同位素探针技术，研究发现公主岭黑土同化玉米秸秆碳的细菌主要为放线菌、厚壁菌和变形菌门，而真菌主要为毛壳霉属、镰刀菌和裂壳菌属。同化玉米秸秆碳的细菌可能通过为固氮或反硝化微生物提供C源从而实现碳氮耦合作用。
相关论文已在“Microbial Ecology ”和“Soil Biology and Biochemistry”上发表。
代表性论文
1.Fan FL, Yin C, Tang YJ, Li ZJ, Song AL, Steven A. Wakelin, Zou J, Liang YC. 2014. Probing potential microbial coupling of carbon and nitrogen cycling during decomposition of maize residue by 13C-DNA-SIP. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 70: 12-21（通讯作者）（影响因子：3.654）
2.Cui PY, Fan FL, Yin C, Li ZJ, Song AL, Wan YF, Liang YC. 2013. Urea- and nitrapyrin-affected N2O emission is coupled mainly with ammonia oxidizing bacteria growth in microcosms of three typical Chinese arable soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 66: 214-221（通讯作者）（影响因子：3.654）
3.Su YH, Liang YC. 2013. The foliar uptake and downward translocation of trichloroethylene and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene in air-plant-water systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 252-253: 300-305（通讯作者）（影响因子：4.173）
4.Fan FL, Li ZJ, Wakelin S, Yu WT, Liang YC. 2012. Mineral fertilizer alters cellulolytic community structure and suppresses soil cellobiohydrolase activity in a long term fertilization experiment. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 55:70-77 （通讯作者）（影响因子：3.654）
5.Li P, Song AL, Li ZJ, Fan FL, Liang YC. 2012. Silicon ameliorates manganese toxicity by regulating manganese transport and antioxidant reactions in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant and Soil, 354: 407-419（通讯作者）（影响因子：2.733）
6.Fan FL, Yang QB, Li ZJ, Wei D, Cui XA, Liang YC. 2011. Impacts of organic and inorganic fertilizers on nitrification in a cold climate soil are linked to the bacterial ammonia oxidizer community. Microbial Ecology, 62: 982-990（通讯作者）（影响因子：2.912）
7.Zhang B, Chu GX, Wei CZ, Ye J, Li ZQ, Liang YC. 2011. The growth and antioxidant defense responses of wheat seedlings to omethoate stress. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 100: 273-279 （通讯作者）（影响因子：1.713）
8.Song AL, Li P, Li ZJ, Fan FL, Nikolic M, Liang YC. 2011. The alleviation of zinc toxicity by silicon is related to zinc transport and antioxidative reactions in rice. Plant and Soil, 344: 319-333. （通讯作者）（影响因子：2.733）
9.Sun WC, Zhang J, Fan QH, Xue GF, Li ZJ, Liang YC 2010. Silicon-enhanced resistance to rice blast is attributed to silicon-mediated defence resistance and its role as physical barrier. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 128：39-49 （通讯作者）（影响因子：1.413）
10.Ge GF, Li ZJ, Fan FL, Chu GX, Hou ZA, Liang YC. 2010. Soil biological activity and their seasonal variations in response to long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Plant and Soil, 326:31–44（通讯作者）（影响因子：2.733）
11.Song AL, Li ZJ, Zhang J, Xue GF, Fan FL, Liang YC. 2009. Silicon-enhanced resistance to cadmium toxicity in Brassica chinensis L. is attributed to Si-suppressed cadmium uptake and transport and Si-enhanced antioxidant defense capacity. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 172: 74-83 （通讯作者）（影响因子：4.173）
12.Guo B, Liang YC, Zhu YG. 2009. Does salicylic acid regulate antioxidant defense system, cell death and cadmium uptake and partitioning to acquire cadmium tolerance in rice subjected to cadmium stress? Journal of Plant Physiology, 166: 20-31 （通讯作者）（影响因子：2.791）
13.Su YH, Zhu YG and Liang YC. 2009. Interactions of mixed organic contaminants in uptake by rice seedlings, Chemosphere, 74: 890-895（通讯作者）（影响因子：3.206）
14.Liang YC, Zhu J, Li ZJ, Chu GX, Ding YF, Zhang J, Sun WC. 2008. Role of silicon in enhancing resistance to freezing stress in two contrasting winter wheat cultivars. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 64: 286-294 （通讯作者）（影响因子：3.164）
15.Nikolic M, Nikolic N, Liang YC, Kirkby EA, Römheld V. 2007. Germanium-68 as an adequate tracer for silicon transport in plants: Characterization of silicon uptake in different crop species. Plant Physiology, 143 (1): 495-503（前三位作者同等贡献）（影响因子：6.451）
16.Guo B, Liang YC, Zhu YG and Zhao FJ. 2007. Role of salicylic acid in alleviating oxidative damage in rice roots (Oryza sativa) subjected to cadmium stress. Environmental Pollution, 147: 743-749（通讯作者）（影响因子：3.395）
17.Liang YC, Hua H. Zhu Y-G, Zhang J, Cheng C and Römheld V. 2006. Importance of plant species and external silicon concentration to active silicon uptake and transport. New Phytologist, 172: 63-72 （影响因子：6.735）
18.Liang YC, Zhang WH, Chen Q, Liu YL and Ding RX. 2006. Effect of exogenous silicon (Si) on H+-ATPase activity, phospholipids and fluidity of plasma membrane in leaves of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 57: 212-219 （影响因子：3.164）
19.Liang YC, Si J, and Römheld V. 2005. Silicon uptake and transport is an active process in Cucumis sativus L. New Phytologist, 167: 797-804（影响因子：6.735）
20.Liang YC, Sun WC, Si J and Römheld V. 2005. Effect of foliar- and root-applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance in Cucumis sativus to powdery mildew. Plant Pathology, 54: 678-685（影响因子：2.368）
21.Liang YC, Si J, Nikolic M, Peng Y, Chen W and Jiang Y. 2005. Organic manure stimulates biological activity and barley growth in soil subject to secondary salinization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37: 1185-1195.（影响因子：3.654）
22.Liang YC, Wong JWC, and Wei L. 2005. Silicon-mediated enhancement of cadmium tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in cadmium contaminated soil. Chemosphere, 58: 475-483. （影响因子：3.206）
23.Liang YC, Zhang WH, Chen Q and Ding RX. 2005. Effects of silicon on tonoplast H+-ATPase and H+-PPase activity, fatty acid composition and fluidity in roots of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 53: 29-37.（影响因子：3.164）
主办(主持)的主要学术会议
1.The World Congress of Agriculture 2013, September 22-25, Hangzhou, China. (Keynote Forum Chairman)
2.The 5th International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture, September 13-19, 2011, Beijing, China. (Chair)
3.International Workshop on Soil-Plant Interactions and Sustainable Agriculture in Arid Environments, July 11-19, 2008, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China (Chair)
4.“中国植物营养与肥料高峰论坛” 2007年9月16-17, 青岛 (大会主席)
参加的主要国际学术会议
1. Liang YC, Song AL, Li P, Li ZJ, Fan FL. 2013.Mechanisms of Silicon-enhanced Resistance to Abiotic Stress in Plants: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. The World Congress of Agriculture 2013, September 22-25, Hangzhou, China (Oral presentation)
2. Liang YC. 2012. Silicon and Abiotic Stress in Plants: Current Knowledge and Future Research Needs. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual International Meetings, October 21-24, 2012, Cincinnati, USA (Invited Speech)
3. Liang YC. 2011. The Roles of Silicon in Agriculture: From Laboratory to Field. The 5th International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture, September 13-19, Beijing, China (Plenary speech)
4. Liang YC. 2011. Silicon in Agriculture: From Laboratory to Field. The 3rd Japan-China Plant Nutrition Workshop, March 27-30, 2011, Okayama, Japan (Oral presentation)
5. Liang YC, Fan FL, Yang QB and Li ZJ. 2010. pH, phosphorus and C:P dominantly control over the community structure of bacteria, fungi, archaea and N-cycling-associated microbes in arable chernozem. The 19th World Congress of Soil Science (WCSS), August 1-6, 2010, Brisbane, Australia (Poster presentation)
5. Liang YC. 2010. Improving food safety by reducing accumulation of heavy metals into edible parts of cereal and vegetable crops. The Seventh Annual Australia-China Symposium on Agriculture and Food Security Relating to Health, November 14-16, Barossa Valley (Invited presentation)
6. Liang YC. 2008. Silicon and abiotic stress. The 4th International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture, October 26-30, South Africa, (Keynote speech)
7. Liang YC, Ji XH and Li ZJ. 2007. Uptake and transport of heavy metals into rice as influenced by soil moisture regimes and chemical amendments. 9th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements (9th ICOBTE). July 15-19, Beijing, China (Oral presentation)
8. Liang YC. 2006. Organic manure stimulates Soil Biological Activities and Crop Growth in Soil under Salt Stress. XIV World Fertilizer Congress. January 22-27, Chiang Mai, Thailand. (Oral presentation)
9. Liang YC, Zhang WH, Chen Q, Liu YL and Ding RX. 2005. Effect of exogenous silicon (Si) on H+-ATPase activity, phospholipids and fluidity of plasma membrane in leaves of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). XV International Plant Nutrition Colloquium. September 14-19, Beijing, China (Oral presentation)
10. Liang YC. 2005. Silicon and abiotic stress in higher plants. The 3rd International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture, October 22-26, Uberlandia, Brazil (Keynote speech)
11. Liang YC, Hua HX, and Römheld V. 2005. Importance of plant species and external silicon concentration to active silicon uptake and transport. The 3rd International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture, October 22-26, Uberlandia, Brazil (Oral presentation)
12. Liang YC, Sun W and V. Römheld. 2003. Effect of exogenous silicon on resistance to infection by Colletotrichum lagenarium or Sphaerotheca fuliginea in Cucumis sativus and their mechanisms. Annual National Conference on Plant Nutrition, June 12-13, Gissen, Germany (Poster presentation)
13. Liang YC, Sun W and V. Römheld. 2003. Silicon-enhanced systemic acquired resistance in Cucumis sativus infected by Sphaerotheca fuliginea. International Conference on Biological Resources and Migration, October 5-8, Marburg, Germany (Poster presentation)
14. Liang YC, Sun W. 2002. Recent Research on Silicon in China, A country report in the 2nd International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture, August 22- August 27, Tsuruoka, Japan. (Invited presentation)
15. Liang YC, Chen Q, Zhang W, Ding R. 2002. Exogenous silicon (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) The 2nd International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture, August 22- August 27, Tsuruoka, Japan. (Poster presentation)
16. Liang YC. 2002. Participation in The 14th International Environmental Project Olympiad as an international jury member, June 1-8, Istanbul, Turkey.
17. Liang YC, Yang C, Shi H. 2001, The influence of silicon on plant growth and nutrient uptake in barley under aluminium stress, XIV International Plant Nutrition Colloquium, July 27-Aug. 3, Hanover, Germany. (Poster presentation)
18. Wang H, Li C, Liang YC. 1999, Agricultural utilization of silicon in China, First International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture, September 26-30, Lago Mar Resort and Club Fort Lauderdale , Florida, USA. (Oral presentation) | | 个人简介 | 梁永超，男，博士，1961年9月生于浙江省新昌县。浙江大学环境资源学院求是特聘教授，博士生导师，长江学者特聘教授，德国洪堡学者。2004年被评为中国农业科学院植物营养与肥料学科一级岗位杰出人才。曾任农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室（植物营养与肥料研究室）副主任；曾任中国植物营养与肥料学会常务理事兼学术委员会主任。现任中国农业科学院学术委员会委员；任中国土壤学会第十、第十一国届理事会“土壤-植物营养专业委员会”和“土壤学名词审定委员会”副主任，中国生态学会理事。现任本领域SCI 主流刊物“Plant and Soil” 领域编辑（Section Editor）和“Journal of Plant Nutrition”编委，任“Applied and Environmental Soil Science”和“ISRN Agronomy”编委，《植物营养与肥料学报》、《中国生态农业学报》和《干旱区研究》编委。是The Plant Journal, New Phytologist, Functional Plant Biology, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Annals of Botany, 中国科学，科学通报等二十几种SCI刊物稿件的特邀评委。作为大会主席主持召开国内国际学术会议多次。参加国际学术会议20余次，多次作大会特邀报告并主持会议。2002-2003年德国霍恩海姆大学(University of Hohenheim) 植物营养研究所洪堡学者（Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow）。1996年荣获第二届江苏省青年科技标兵称号，2000年获第七届中国农学会青年科技奖，2006年入选第八批长江学者。长期从事“植物逆境营养生理及其分子生物学、土壤质量演变的微生物分子生态学，环境污染治理与农产品安全和废弃物资源化利用与环境安全”的研究工作。主持973、国家支撑计划、国家基金等课题20余项。获得省部级科技进步1-3等奖5项，发表论文140余篇，其中在Plant Physiology, New Phytologist, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Environmental Pollution等SCI源刊物上发表论文69篇，迄今为止论文被SCI他引1450余次。h-指数（h-index）为24（http://www.researcherid.com/Authorize Workspace.action）。
主要研究领域与研究方向
1.植物抗逆营养生理及其分子生物学
2.植物硅素营养生物学
3.土壤质量演变的微生物分子生态学
4.环境污染治理与农产品安全
5.废弃物资源化利用与环境安全 |
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